Tag: Career Advice

Learning Mathematics and Statistics for Data Science

Posted on by Brendan Patrick Purdy

Amazon Web Services helpfully informs us that data science extracts meaningful insights from large data sets and that it is a multidisciplinary approach that combines elements of mathematics, statistics, artificial intelligence, and computer engineering. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that data scientist is tracking to be the fastest growing data-related occupation through 2031. 

For someone who has a desire to learn data science it can understandably be quite daunting to learn the broad and technical skills needed to become a successful data scientist. In particular, those of us considering becoming a data scientist often have reservations about the mathematics and statistical knowledge needed. While studying data science one uses calculus; probability and probability distributions; descriptive and inferential statistics to include linear and logistic regressions; and linear algebra (among additional mathematical and statistical concepts).

Data visualization

This blog post is the first in a series that looks at the mathematics and statistics needed to succeed in data science. This inaugural post considers this fundamental query: why do we need mathematics for data science? The sequel will appraise the direct follow-up question: why do we need statistics for data science?

The remainder of this blog series will examine particular examples of mathematical or statistical concepts in use in data science.

Mathematical Models and Treating Data Science as a Science

So why do we need mathematics for data science? An obvious answer is that data is often numbers (called numeric or quantitative data), e.g., the number of siblings one has or the height (in inches) of NBA players. While this is certainly true, and speaks to the first word of the phrase “data science,” the overarching reason the student of data science must be conversant in a myriad of fields of mathematics is because data science is a science. One of the hallmarks of a science is that it can be explained using mathematical models with the germane notation.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Second Law Of Motion

One of the most famous examples of a mathematical model comes from 1687 and it is still fundamental to the study of classical mechanics. Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that a force is equal to mass times acceleration, or in terms of a mathematical model using the appropriate notation:

Mathematical equation of Newton's second law of motion

(The “bar” here represents what we call a vector.)

The purpose with this example is not to dwell on what vectors are in particular or what physics is in general, but to highlight the importance of mathematics to science. Newton’s idea of the relationship between force and the product of mass and acceleration becomes understandable and usable by others when put into mathematical notation.

The goal of the data scientist is the same as that of the physicist, but instead of trying to understand how the universe works, the data scientist wants to understand how the data works. Among other goals, the data scientist wants to:

  • Classify which category an object belongs to
  • Predict an attribute associated with an object
  • Automatic clustering of similar objects into groups

All of these can only be done with mathematical models as the foundation of the algorithms that are implemented in the programming language of the data scientist’s choice (typically Python or R).

A Toy Example

Let’s consider a toy example to close this blog post, but one that we’ll return to with a follow-up post. While any memory of what was covered in beginning algebra may be quite hazy for us, it is typically recalled that y = mx + b represents the equation of the line, where m and b are, respectively, the slope (“rise over run”) and y-coordinate of the y-intercept (“where the line crosses the vertical axis”) of a line.

Suppose we have a slope that runs 5 units in the positive x direction for every 9 units it rises in the positive y direction, i.e.,

Mathematical equation

Further, let’s assume that the y-intercept is 0,32.

Data science graph

Thus, the equation of this line is y = 1.8x + 32, which you can see above. This likely seems a relatively innocuous line and perhaps even arbitrarily constructed. But let’s think about it for a moment by replacing x with some values as can be seen in this table. We can see if we let x equal to 0, then y is equal to 32 and so on.

Data science graph

Temperature Conversion Equation

Perhaps we don’t quite see the relevance yet, so let’s rename the two variables and rewrite the slope as a fraction:

Mathematical equation of converting fahrenheit to celsius

Yes, we see it now. This line models the relationship between Fahrenheit and Celsius.

While we can use the equation of a line to model a formulaic relationship between two different units of temperature, what is the moral of the story for this first post? The essential idea is that we are able to use a line to model a relationship between two variables of interest. In this case, the variables were Fahrenheit and Celsius, but we can also use a so-called regression line to model two variables that have come from data that are not perfectly linear (see below; we’ll return to this idea in a future post). Ergo, mathematics allows us to model data, which is why we need mathematics in data science.

Data points on a regression line

What to Know About the Cybersecurity Analyst Career Field

Posted on by Ken Underhill

Cybersecurity analysts are responsible for monitoring and analyzing network and system traffic to identify anomalies, like an unknown device on the network or an indication of a ransomware attack. As part of your job, you will leverage security information and event management (SIEM) tools, extended detection and response (XDR), and other security tools to aggregate information and analyze the information for threats. You might also be tasked with writing Python scripts to automate analysis and alerting.  

As an entry-level analyst, you could implement incident response (IR) playbooks. IR playbooks provide a set of steps that an analyst should take if they encounter a specific incident (like a phishing email attack). Microsoft has some example IR playbooks that you can view for free here.

Depending on where you work, you might conduct vulnerability scanning, which is a way to detect vulnerabilities that a threat actor could exploit. An easy way to think about vulnerabilities is to think about your front door. If your front door doesn’t have any locks then this represents a vulnerability that could be exploited by a burglar (i.e., a threat actor) to steal your jewelry. By adding a lock (security control), you help protect your home from the burglar. 

What Other Job Titles Are There in This Career Field?

You might see other job openings in the cybersecurity analyst career field with titles such as:

  • Information Security Analyst
  • Cybersecurity Specialist
  • Network Security Analyst
  • Cyber Threat Analyst
  • Security Operations Center (SOC) Analyst
  • Incident Response Analyst
  • Vulnerability Analyst
  • Identity and Access Management (IAM) Analyst
  • Security Awareness Analyst

How Much Money Can You Make as a Cybersecurity Analyst?

As a cybersecurity analyst in the United States, the median pay is around $112,000 annually.  Holding a government security clearance in the U.S. can also help you get a higher base salary rate.  

This doesn’t include sign-on or annual bonuses, stock options, or other compensation, which means a career as a cybersecurity analyst can be very lucrative for you.

Compensation influencers for this role are based on your company, geographic location, experience level, specialization, and industry.

Do You Need Certifications to be a Cybersecurity Analyst?

No specific cybersecurity certifications are required to get a job as a cybersecurity analyst in the private sector; however, many people choose to get a certification. If you plan to work for a government agency, they often will require a fundamental cybersecurity certification either upon hire or within a period of time after you are hired for the job.

The most common entry-level certifications for a cybersecurity analyst are the CompTIA Security+, the Google Cybersecurity Certificate, and the ISC2 Certified in Cybersecurity.

Of these certifications, Security+ is still the most common one asked for in job descriptions; however, the other certifications from ISC2 and Google are gaining traction with hiring managers.

Do You Need a College Degree to be a Cybersecurity Analyst?

No college degree is required to become a cybersecurity analyst. Hiring managers often look for hands-on skills with SIEM tools (like Splunk or QRadar) and hands-on experience using a vulnerability scanner (i.e., Nessus, Qualys, etc). This hands-on experience can be as simple as running scans on your home network or host system (e.g., your laptop), or can be through a more formal education experience like college or a cybersecurity bootcamp. 

Do You Need Technical Skills to Get a Job as a Cybersecurity Analyst?

Some individuals are able to get an entry-level cybersecurity analyst job with textbook knowledge alone; however, having some hands-on skills with security tools helps show hiring managers that you can do the job on day one.  

This brings up another question that some people have about how to show “experience” without having actual work experience in cybersecurity on your resume. The key for anything you are learning is to link it back to a real-world example.

For example, if you recently read an in-depth news story about a cyberattack event, talk about security controls that could have been put into place to protect against the attack (or similar attacks in the future). If you are working through labs in college or a cybersecurity bootcamp right now, ask your instructor how that particular lab could apply to a real-world situation. Then, write about this in your cover letter and/or resume, so hiring managers can see that you can connect your learnings with real-world events and situations.

Is Experience Required to Get Your First Job as a Cybersecurity Analyst?

Experience is not required for your first job; however, almost everyone has transferable soft skills from past jobs or school that are in demand at companies.  

It’s important to include some examples on your resume or cover letter that show how you have used soft skills, like effective communication, in a workplace or school situation. Show how you can solve problems and work in a team.

Hiring managers want to hire people who can solve their problems and work well with others.

Are There Opportunities for Cybersecurity Analyst Internships?

There are some internships available for this role depending on the company; however, most people are hired directly into full-time positions as cybersecurity analysts instead of into internships.

If you find a cybersecurity analyst internship opportunity, know that it can be either paid or unpaid and that many college students can earn credits for working internships.

How Do You Find a Job as a Cybersecurity Analyst?

Pin-Point A Target Industry

The first step is to determine the type of industry you would like to work in. Would you like to work in healthcare, retail, the energy industry, or some other industry? 

Next, look at some of the big companies in the industry as well as smaller startups. Because most people are applying at big companies (e.g., Microsoft), you might get an opportunity at a smaller startup, where they will mentor and train you.

You of course need to look for job openings on popular job boards like LinkedIn, Indeed, and CyberSN, but know that one of the best ways to get any cybersecurity job is to network on social media with people working in that job, as well as find people that work at your dream company and connect with them to learn how they landed the job.

Build A Personal Brand

Building your personal brand means as you are learning, post about what you are learning on social media. This helps show recruiters and hiring managers your passion for analyst work.

For example, let’s say you have just learned how to run a vulnerability scan using Qualys.  Record your screen as you walk others through installing, configuring, and running a scan with Qualys.  

You don’t have to be on camera for the recording and the post will show potential hiring managers that you know how to run a scan and that you could possibly be counted on as a trainer for new hires joining the team. This recording will make you more valuable to the hiring managers than someone who delivered a resume with no posted content because they can see you know how to actually do the job.

Attend Conferences

Another not-so-secret way to find a job is through looking at the sponsor list for a large cybersecurity conference.  

For example, the Black Hat USA conference has dozens of sponsor companies each year. Look at the list linked above and at the company websites to see if they have openings.  

As mentioned earlier, smaller companies on this list will often have openings with very few applications because many people might not know the company. That’s good news for you because it means you might face very little competition for a job opening.

In the end, know this: The fastest way to get your first job will likely be through networking and building your personal brand.

Should You Become a Cybersecurity Analyst?

A career as a cybersecurity analyst might be good for you if you like looking at different data sets and solving puzzles. If you enjoy watching crime shows and figuring out who committed the crime, then an analyst job might also be for you. Cybersecurity analysts have come from backgrounds in auto mechanics, teaching, biology, nursing, food services, retail, military, and even disc jockeying. No matter your background, you can build a career as a cybersecurity analyst.

Working as a cybersecurity analyst might also be a good career for you if you have solid skills in clearly communicating information to a variety of individuals because you will be working with multiple teams and stakeholders across a business or organization.

Working as a cybersecurity analyst can be a rewarding career for you both financially and in the sense that you are doing meaningful, impactful work while helping organizations secure their networks and systems.

If you’ve decided a career in cybersecurity is the right path for you, apply today to Flatiron’s Cybersecurity Bootcamp and learn the tools of the trade in as little as 15 weeks. 

What Does a Cybersecurity Engineer Do?

Posted on by Anna Van Deusen

Technology permeates almost every aspect of modern life – payment systems, fitness trackers, baby monitors, smart fridges – it’s simply everywhere. As a result, the modern digital landscape is fraught with opportunities for bad actors to take advantage of tech meant to make life easier.  

The ongoing threat of cyber attacks has led governments and private companies to employ increasingly sophisticated teams and techniques to secure their systems. But, in the field of cybersecurity, few roles are more central – or critical – than that of the Cybersecurity Engineer. 

What Is A Cybersecurity Engineer?

Cybersecurity Engineers are IT professionals that assess, prepare for, and respond to cyber-attacks. They often directly recommend and oversee the tools and methods used to keep systems secure and stay ahead of new or emerging threats such as malware, ransomware, and hacking/intrusions.

With a diverse skillset and deep understanding of a company’s networks, Cybersecurity Engineers are often well-situated to work in any number of entry-level, mid-level, and senior security roles as their careers advance. 

What Skills Does a Cybersecurity Engineer Need?

Security engineers must have a range of talents that address the most common and critical vulnerabilities a company may face.

Programming Langauges

Cybersecurity engineers are strong programmers in multiple languages and use them not only to evaluate or build the latest solutions but also to deconstruct the malicious codes and applications used to attack their systems. And because their efforts must fit the nature of their business, they need to be prepared to work in general-purpose languages like Python or C++, but also in languages specific to web or application work.

Penetration Testing

A cybersecurity engineer must be able to assess penetration testing and work with pen testers on new threats that have emerged in the industry.

Live Threat Management

They are critical stakeholders in real-time assessment, mitigation, and prevention of threats, as well as in live incident response and defense. They may also get pulled into troubleshooting everyday problems in the network and be asked to help drive broader company initiatives for a healthy network, such as change management, security audits, etc.

Strong Organization Skills

Critically, as members of a Security Operations Center (SOC) team, cybersecurity engineers are typically responsible for documenting and maintaining policies and procedures related to security concerns. This gives them a strong view of a network’s structure and defense, from the top down to the most granular level.

Hardware and Software Evaluation

They also need to be able to review new hardware and software options for ensuring network security and to understand specific threats their company may face from hackers.

Related reading: How To Become A Cybersecurity Engineer

What Is The Demand For Cybersecurity Engineers?

The Cybersecurity talent gap is well documented. There simply aren’t enough talented Cyber workers to fill available positions, with almost 580,000 job openings in the USA alone*. Demand is high, and growing – with the information sector projected to grow 32% over the next 8 years (which is much faster than average). 

The prevalence of tech throughout everyday life is only expanding – each day bringing more products, services, and innovations. This, paired with the persistent headlines of cyber incidents affecting countries, companies, and individuals each news cycle, the Cybersecurity talent gap only promises to expand. This can mean only one thing for those interested in a Cybersecurity career: opportunity. 

Cybersecurity Engineer Salaries

Overall, Cybersecurity professionals are paid quite well. According to ZipRecruiter, the average Cybersecurity Engineer makes $111,095* per year nationwide. 

Further reading: How Much Do Cybersecurity Engineers Make Around the Country?

As you progress through a cyber career, salaries increase even further: 

  • Chief Security Architect: $177,571 
  • Lead Security Engineer: $122,890 
  • Chief Information Security Officer (CISO): $148,746 

If the C-suite isn’t your idea of success, Cybersecurity engineers can also easily fit into alternative key focus areas. For example, they can use their knowledge of a firm’s networks to operate as a high-value penetration tester. They can also become a cybersecurity consultant, working with clients on a case-to-case basis. 

Considering the high demand and the quality pay, the next question you’re likely to ask is “How to become a Cybersecurity Engineer?” Well then friend, keep reading. 

How To Become A Cybersecurity Engineer

There are two main steps to becoming a Cybersecurity Engineer – acquiring skills and demonstrating those skills with a Certification. 

Did you notice that “get a traditional 4-year college degree” wasn’t on the list?

More and more often, 4-year degrees are no longer a pre-requisite for entry-level Cybersecurity roles. While this is still an evolving trend, at the end of the day, the only thing companies truly care about is whether or not you have the skills to perform in a job. 

We’ll cover the basics of the process below, but check out our blog “How To Become A Cybersecurity Engineer in 2024” for a more thorough overview. 

Step 1: Acquire Skills

Cybersecurity Engineers generally have a mix of hard skills and soft skills. Their hard skills include various programming languages and a broad knowledge of networking, database platforms, and operating systems. Soft skills, though intangible, are just as important when it comes to working on a team – these can include top-notch communication, problem-solving, and a general willingness to learn and adapt to changing conditions. 

While soft skills are developed over an entire lifetime and decades of a career, hard skills are easier to acquire in a short time – especially if attending an accelerated program like a Cybersecurity bootcamp.

Related reading: Are Cybersecurity Bootcamps Worth It?

Step 2: Earn Relevant Certifications

Cybersecurity Certifications generally achieve a similar purpose to earning a college degree – they demonstrate to prospective employers that you have the core hard skills required to succeed in the cybersecurity engineering space. 

Examples of common certifications include:

Related reading: 9 In-Demand Cybersecurity Certifications

See Yourself In Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity engineering promises to remain a critical and exciting career opportunity for the foreseeable future, and the ongoing talent job gap bodes well for those looking to transition to the field. 

If you’re set on a career in Cyber, Apply Today to Flatiron School’s Cybersecurity Bootcamp – a program designed to have you industry-ready in as little as 15 weeks. 

Not ready to commit? In the meantime, test-run what we teach in the course with our free Cybersecurity Prep – no strings attached!

*Job opening numbers and average salary cited 8 Jan 2024

How to Get into Cybersecurity in 2023

Posted on by Anna Van Deusen

TL,DR:

  • Demand for Cybersecurity professionals is high and growing
  • Entry-level positions may not require a formal degree and instead prioritize skills
  • Coming from a technical field with transferable skills sets you up for success, but consider studying for a relevant certification to demonstrate your abilities 
  • For non-technical people, additional learning will likely be required 
  • There are three main paths to acquiring Cybersecurity skills – self-study, university, or a cybersecurity bootcamp 
  • A bootcamp will get you there faster than self-study and for a fraction of the cost of attending a traditional university

More people, organizations, and governments are online than ever before. The internet hit 5.1 billion users in 2023, with an estimated two-thirds of the earth’s entire population getting online. 

But, the digital age comes with a double-edged sword. While internet access unlocks opportunities the world over for those with good intentions, it also increases opportunities for those with bad intentions to exploit digital assets. And, with emerging artificial intelligence tools being used to scale both the frequency and complexity of cyber attacks, demand for those with cybersecurity skills has exploded. The cybersecurity industry is projected to grow 32% from 2021 – 2029 – a staggering increase when compared to the rest of the economy.

No matter where you’re starting from, you can get a job in cybersecurity – and we’ll show you how.

What Is Cybersecurity?

In simple terms, cybersecurity is the practice of securing networks, resources, and systems from cyberattacks. This means anytime you take measures to protect a system or network from cyberattacks, you are practicing cybersecurity.

Despite its superficial simplicity, cybersecurity is a lot more complex than installing antivirus or antispyware software onto your machines. It is a wide, comprehensive field consisting of different disciplines and best practices to preserve the safety, integrity, and reliability of networks and digital systems.

Why Is Cybersecurity Important?

Data breaches expose sensitive information to people with malicious intent – think things like passwords, credit card information, phone numbers, protected health information, personally identifiable information, and sensitive documents (such as copyrights, trade secrets, patents, and so on). 

But, information theft is often not the only goal of a cyberattack — hackers and bad actors also attack infrastructure controls and compromise data integrity. With the power of AI tools, these cyber threats are only projected to increase in both frequency and complexity. 

Therefore, it’s critical – both at the individual and organizational level – to secure the data that so many rely on.

What Cybersecurity Jobs Are Out There?

If you’ve done any research into cybersecurity positions, you’ve likely come across something called the cybersecurity talent gap. This term refers to the lack of skilled cybersecurity professionals available to fill much-needed roles. 

Recent studies estimate that there are over 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs in 2023 and that 56% of companies struggle to recruit qualified candidates. These are all positions that you could be training to fill!

Further reading: The Ultimate Guide to Cybersecurity Careers

Basic Education Requirements for Cybersecurity Jobs

This is likely the first thing you googled – “Do you need a bachelor’s degree to get a Cybersecurity job?” 

Cybersecurity is a vast field with a variety of different roles available. No matter your background, there is something you can contribute to the cybersecurity discussion. Due to this, there are no true “basic education requirements” that would apply across the board for every single cybersecurity position. In fact, many entry-level cybersecurity jobs do not require a bachelor’s degree in cybersecurity or related fields. For more senior roles, it may be required to hold a degree or specific certification.

But, this is about entry-level – so let’s move on to how your transferable skills can apply to cybersecurity (no degree required). 

Programming Skills Needed In Cybersecurity

While entry-level Cybersecurity roles often do not require a formal degree, you’ll still need relevant skills to prove you can do the job. A major skill set that is required is programming. If you have experience in any of the below common languages, you’re already ahead of the game. 

Further reading: Best Programming Languages for Cybersecurity 

Python

Python is used to test for web application security vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, to scan for malicious code, and to build automated web application firewalls.

Golang

Also known as “Go”, Golang is often used to develop malware.

Javascript

Javascript is a lightweight scripting language used to access cookies on a browser, access and manipulate databases, and carry out cross-site scripting (XSS). 

C

This is a low-level programming language that is useful for reverse-engineering malware and creating antivirus software to counter it. 

C++

The C++ programming language was created as an improvement on C. It was made to support objects and classes and is faster and more flexible than C. It can also help in reverse engineering and identifying network vulnerabilities.

SQL

This is the language used to access and manipulate data in most databases, making it the most popular data management language. Most websites store their data in relational databases and use SQL (Structured Query Language) to access and modify it.

Assembly

Assembly is a low-level language that speaks almost directly to computer hardware. It can be difficult to write and read but is extremely powerful, especially when it comes to reverse-engineering malware.

Powershell

Powershell is a more robust and powerful command-line utility than the traditional Windows command-line tool, CMD. Administrators can use it to automate tasks or get in touch with the nitty-gritty details of the system, such as window APIs and events. Attackers like to use it to gain access to systems.

Ruby

This is a backend scripting language known for its clean syntax and ease of use. It is also popular because it allows you to get more done with less code. It is used on servers and is written in C.

Java

This programming language has remained relevant for a long while because of its versatility, security, and power. It can be used for virtually any programming task, such as pen testing and creating vulnerability testing software. 

PHP

PHP is the most popular server-side language and is still used by a large majority of websites. 

Soft Skills Needed In Cybersecurity

Despite what Hollywood might suggest, you will not be working alone in the back of a van (at least most of the time). You’ll be working on teams with other Cybersecurity professionals, so soft skills are just as important as hard, technical skills. The most important soft skills for a cybersecurity role are:

  1. Management skills: this refers to time, people, and project management.
  2. Problem-solving
  3. Verbal and written communication
  4. Presentation
  5. Independence
  6. Leadership
  7. Logical reasoning
  8. Creativity
  9. Willingness to learn
  10. Integrity

Further reading: 16 Soft Skills You Need to Succeed in Cybersecurity

Recommended Entry-Level Cybersecurity Certifications

Cybersecurity certifications help demonstrate that you can do a job. But you need to focus on getting the right ones for them to be effective. Here are some recommended entry-level cybersecurity certifications to consider:

CompTIA Security+

The CompTIA Security+ certification focuses on foundational cyber skills. This certification rubber-stamps your ability to assess an organization’s security level, monitor and secure cloud, mobile, and IoT environments, and identify and respond to threats.

Attaining this certification can qualify you for roles such as:

  • Systems Administrator
  • Help Desk Manager
  • Security Engineer
  • Cloud Engineer
  • Security Administrator
  • IT Auditor
  • Software Developer

GIAC Security Essentials Certification (GSEC)

The GSEC is ideal for professionals with a background in information systems and/or networking who want to move into cybersecurity. This certificate validates security skills such as active defense, network security, cryptography, incident response and cloud security.

Attaining this certification can qualify you for roles such as:

  • IT Security Manager
  • Computer Forensic Analyst
  • Penetration Tester
  • Security Administrator
  • Software Development Engineer
  • IT Auditor

Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)

This certificate validates that you have the skills to design, implement, and monitor a secure IT infrastructure. The qualifying exam features questions regarding access controls, risk identification and analysis, security administration, incident response, cryptography, and network, communications, systems, and application security.

Attaining this certification can qualify you for roles such as:

  • Network Security Engineer
  • System Administrator
  • Systems Engineer
  • Security Analyst
  • Database Administrator
  • Security Consultant

Further reading: 9 In-Demand Cybersecurity Certifications

How To Get Into Cybersecurity If You Come From Another Technical Field

Many skills acquired in other technical fields transfer quite well to cybersecurity. Pre-existing knowledge of critical functions such as security ops or information systems can make the transition much smoother. Professionals in financial and risk analysis, security intelligence, and the like are well-positioned to transition into cybersecurity.

While things like certifications are an asset, some of the most relevant skills to have are knowledge of cybersecurity concepts and strong non-technical/soft skills.

Technical Skills

Here’s a fairly comprehensive list of the technical skills you’ll need to transfer into cybersecurity if you come from another technical field.

1. Risk assessment and management

This is possibly the most important skill a cybersecurity specialist can have. It entails identifying possible threats and analyzing and evaluating the risks the organization faces. It ensures that the measures to protect the organization are appropriate to the organization’s risks. 

2. Authentication

This is the process of ascertaining a user’s identity, thereby allowing them access to digital resources.  Cybersecurity professionals create new authentication schemes, audit existing ones for possible data leaks/breaches, and should be comfortable with firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).

3. Linux

This open-source operating system is a favorite of cybersecurity professionals because of its flexibility and transparency. As a result, most cybersecurity tools (such as penetration testing, vulnerability analysis, and ethical hacking) are developed for the Linux operating system. It’ll do you good to learn it before embarking on your cybersecurity career.

4. Information systems

This refers to how information is collected, processed, stored, and distributed both within and without an organization. As a cybersecurity professional, you should understand the routes data takes and what operations are performed on it. This will help in identifying breaches and building protective measures.

5. Digital forensics

This refers to the investigative methods used to find anomalies and malicious activity on the network. 

6. Coding languages

As mentioned above, many cybersecurity jobs require fluidity or at least familiarity with multiple programming languages. If you used any of the most common languages in a previous role, this is a major advantage. 

Tips For Leveraging Your Experience

If you are coming from another technical field and already have had the opportunity to develop some of the technical skills listed above, then you’re miles ahead in the process. Before jumping into the job search, be sure to polish your skills and brush up on current industry topics. Highlight your previous experience in applications, and you’ll significantly increase your chances of landing a cybersecurity job.

How To Get Into Cybersecurity If You Already Work In IT

Professionals with IT backgrounds often are familiar with information systems and networks, making a lot of their skills easily transferable to Cybersecurity. They also tend to have been exposed to fundamentals such as configuring and administering systems, coding, database management, IT procedures, and real-world business operations.

Technical Skills

Depending on the cybersecurity role you have in mind, your technical skills from your previous IT role might not translate perfectly, requiring additional education to be a competitive candidate (more on that later). That being said, some IT roles are such a good fit for cybersecurity that they are called feeder roles. The skills you’ll need are:

  1. Risk assessment and management
  2. Cryptography
  3. Security operations
  4. Information assurance

Tips For Leveraging Your Experience

The IT field is a great stepping stone for a cybersecurity career, but you’ll likely need to do some additional work before you can start firing off applications. To fill in skill gaps, you may want to consider either taking an accelerated course like a Cybersecurity bootcamp to streamline skill acquisition or studying for relevant certifications to demonstrate pre-existing mastery. 

Further reading: How to Stand Out and Get a Job in Information Security

How To Get Into Cybersecurity If You Have No Technical Experience

While it is possible to get into the cybersecurity field without technical experience, your journey will likely be longer than someone with a technical background. Don’t let that discourage you though – there are lots of resources out there to help you get started. 

Technical Skills 

If you’re coming from a non-technical background, you’ll likely need to go for further education to acquire the skills you need to land your first job. That being said, here are some skill sets to consider focusing on, depending on your ultimate career goals:

1. Penetration testing

This is also called pen testing. This is a way to check a system for vulnerabilities by simulating a cyber attack on it. 

2. Cloud security

The “cloud” is a collection of computers and servers that you can access remotely as opposed to locally. By extension, cloud security is any method by which applications, data, and resources are protected in the cloud.

3. Digital forensics

This means exactly what it sounds like; following digital clues to uncover crimes and crime attempts. Cybersecurity experts use this when there is a data breach to attempt to uncover who did what and when.

Tips For Leveraging Your Experience 

If you’re coming from a non-technical background, there’s no way around it – you’ll have to develop additional skills. Afterward, you can lean into the soft skills you developed in previous experience, but to even begin you’ll need to meet basic qualifications and requirements. 

Let’s discuss how you can develop those skills below.

Developing Cybersecurity Skills: 3 Paths

Self-study

This is generally the path most Cyber hopefuls embark on early in their journey – googling around, taking some free online courses, and generally just being a sponge for information. But, this path is often the hardest. While there are almost limitless free resources available online, determining what to study and sticking with it long enough to acquire solid skills is immensely difficult. But, if you have the iron will required of this path, pursue it!

Advantages of self-study: 

  • Self-paced
  • Inexpensive

Disadvantages of self-study:

  • You need a lot of discipline to stay the course
  • It could take a long time
  • No guidance on course topics 
  • No support if you hit a difficult topic

Traditional Degree

If you’re switching careers, you could go the traditional university route. A cybersecurity degree or a related one (such as computer science) will nicely set you on your path. But, 4 years and thousands of dollars later, you’ll graduate with lots of theory and likely little hands-on experience. 

Advantages of a traditional degree:

  • You’ll get a solid understanding of the basics
  • Accountable for learning
  • Professors available for support 

Disadvantages of a traditional degree: 

  • Often prohibitively expensive 
  • Takes a long time (3-4 years)
  • May not receive hands-on experience 
  • Heavy focus on theory 

Cybersecurity Bootcamp

Attending a bootcamp is a good middle ground between the previous two options – far less expensive than a university degree, and much faster than both self-study and university. 

Cybersecurity bootcamps teach students the skills to break into the industry in weeks, not years. With a curriculum in tune with current trends (ie, artificial intelligence), instructors there to support your learning journey, and career services support post-graduation, a quality bootcamp can turbocharge your path into a new career.

Advantages of a Cybersecurity bootcamp: 

  • Comparatively inexpensive
  • Practical, hands-on skills
  • Flexible learning options
  • Takes weeks, not years 
  • Job search support offered

Disadvantages of a Cybersecurity bootcamp:  

  • Rigorous learning pace
  • Significant time commitment

Get Started Learning Today

No matter where you’re starting from, there is a path for you into Cybersecurity. 

Apply Now to join other Cyber hopefuls in a program that’ll give you the cybersecurity skills you’ll need to land your first job in tech.

Not ready to apply? Try out our Free Cybersecurity Prep Work and test-run the material we teach in the course. Or, read stories about successful career changes on the Flatiron School blog.

Apple Cider Sips and Slip-Ups: It’s Okay to Make Mistakes

Posted on by Brittany O’Meally

This article – Apple Cider Sips and Slip-Ups: It’s Okay to Make Mistakes – is part of the Content Collective series, featuring tips and expertise from Flatiron School staff members on topics ranging from program success to the job search. This series is a glimpse of the expertise you can access during your program at Flatiron School.

Can you see it? The golden rays of autumn painting the skies outside your window, a soft blanket cocooning you in its warmth, and the aroma of freshly brewed apple cider dancing through the air. You’ve just returned from a long, productive day, and now, in this cozy haven, you find solace in a steaming mug of liquid comfort.

Today, we’re delving into understanding the journey of life and learning. Making mistakes is not only okay, but it’s also a vital part of the process. Much like that first eager sip of hot apple cider that can scorch your tongue if you’re not careful, life can sometimes throw us challenges that feel just a bit too hot to handle. Frustration can set in, and impatience begins to bubble. You might even question if you still want that drink. Is the effort worth it?

The Myth of Perfection

Well, let me assure you, there’s no such thing as “perfect.” Life, much like making cider, is a delicate blend of trial, error, and patience. If the mix isn’t just right, you add a little more sugar or stir a little longer. Embrace the mistake, for it’s the first step towards finding the perfect blend.

Now, what about those moments when the heat of a situation feels a tad overwhelming? Much like cooling down cider to the right temperature, there are various ways to find a solution. You can add a metaphorical ice cube, seeking out different resources and outlets to help you retain the material given. It’s about researching, exploring, adapting, and discovering what works best for you.

Achieve The Right Perspective

Now, ponder with me for a moment. Why is this perspective so crucial for new students and graduates in the tech world? The tech field is a dynamic realm, filled with constant change and innovation. Embracing mistakes and learning from them is a high-value skill. It’s about practicing and honing in on your newfound abilities in a field that thrives on progress and adaptation.

Think of Thomas Edison’s words: “I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” While we may not have 10,000 tries, what we do have is the opportunity to practice, learn, and grow. Mistakes are not the end; they are the stepping stones to success and creating the perfect mixture to indulge in.

Embrace The Process

In your tech journey, remember, it’s not just about getting it right on the first try. It’s about being in the right space to keep working at it until it “clicks.” Surround yourself with good support, and like-minded individuals who understand your journey. Seek out mentors and resources that can provide that extra nudge toward understanding and possibly gaining new skills to propel you forward.  Those who can help you write down the perfect recipe. Adding and substituting the right ingredients.

As you embark on this journey, know that every challenge, every slip-up, is an opportunity for growth. It’s a reminder that you’re pushing boundaries, and exploring new horizons while striving for your version of excellence. Take a deep breath! Inhale the sweet harmonious notes in the air, sip your cider, and keep moving forward with confidence, knowing that every slip-up is a step closer to success.

So here’s to you and to the warm, cozy, and enlightening journey that lies ahead. I raise my mug! May your cups be filled with resilience, your hearts with determination, and your minds with the wisdom to embrace the beauty of making mistakes. After all, in the world of tech and the world of cider, it’s all about finding that perfect blend. Cheers, and may your journey be as comforting and satisfying as a  well-made cup of hot apple cider on a crisp fall day!

About Brittany O’Meally

Brittany O’Meally is a Student Advisor at Flatiron School.

What To Do If You Hate Your Job

Posted on by Aimee Thompson

This article on what to do if you hate your job is part of the Content Collective series, featuring tips and expertise from Flatiron School staff members on topics ranging from program success to the job search. This series is a glimpse of the expertise you can access during your program at Flatiron School. 

Congrats, you’ve found a job! After weeks or months of searching and interviewing, you’ve landed a position. You’re excited to start this new step in your career, but after a few weeks on the job, you realize something is wrong. You hate your job.

You may be wondering what to do next. After all, you’ve put a lot of time and effort into finding this position, and you don’t want to start the job search process all over again. However, your happiness in your work is important. If you’re miserable in your job, it’s going to affect your work performance, your mental and physical health, and your overall quality of life.

So, what do you do if you hate your job? Here are some tips:

Identify the Problem(s) & Reflect

Take some time to reflect on why you dislike your job. Is it the work itself? Is it your coworkers or manager? Is it the company culture? Once you’ve identified the specific problems, you can start to think about how to address them.

Here are a few questions to ask yourself:

  • What are the specific parts of my job that I dislike?
  • Are these problems temporary or long-term?
  • How does this job fit into my long-term career goals?

Once you have a better understanding of the problem, you can start to develop a plan to address it.

Take Action

Depending on the specific problems you’re facing, there are a few things you can do to try to improve your situation:

  • Try to find aspects of your job that you enjoy. There’s probably something that you can find tolerable or even satisfying. Focus on these aspects of your job.
  • Set small, achievable goals for yourself, such as completing a certain task or project each week.
  • Talk to your manager or HR department. They may be able to offer solutions or adjustments.

Make Time For Yourself

When you’re unhappy with your working situation, it is critical to acknowledge your emotions and make time for rest. It’s okay to be unhappy or frustrated with your situation, but don’t make any rash decisions based on your current feelings. If you’re overwhelmed or stressed, take some time to relax and recharge before you start to build a plan of action.

Here are a few things you can do:

  • Talk to a friend, family member, therapist, or career coach about how you’re feeling.
  • Practice self-care activities such as exercise, spending time outside, or journaling.
  • Get enough sleep and eat healthy.
  • Engage in activities that you enjoy, such as reading, spending time with loved ones, or pursuing hobbies.

It’s also important to be patient with yourself and with the job. It takes time to adjust to a new position. Prioritize rest, and give it a few more weeks or months to see if things start to improve. If they do, great! But, if it continues to be a miserable experience, it’s time to strategize your next steps.

Strategize Your Next Steps

If you’ve tried everything to improve your situation but you’re still unhappy, it may be time to start looking for a new job. However, it’s important to have a strategy in place before you resign.

Here are a few things to consider if you’re thinking about re-starting the job search process:

  • Update your resume and start networking with industry contacts as soon as possible, securing a new job may take some time.
  • Don’t storm out in a rage – have a new job or clear plan before resigning (gracefully).
  • Leave on the best terms possible. Give your employer two weeks’ notice and tie up any loose ends before leaving.

Learn From The Experience

Even if you end up leaving your job, view this experience as a learning opportunity. What can you learn from this experience that will help you make better career decisions in the future?

Here are a few questions to ask yourself:

  • What will I do differently next time?
  • What did I learn about myself and my career goals?
  • What kind of work environment and culture am I looking for?

Adjusting to a new job, or leaving one you are dissatisfied with, can be challenging, but it’s important to remember that you’re not alone. Many people experience some discomfort when they first start a new job. If you find that you hate your job, practice self-care, take some time to reflect on why, and develop a plan to address the problem. If you’ve tried everything and you’re still unhappy, it may be time to start looking for a new job. But whatever you do, don’t give up on pursuing your career goals.  

About Aimee Thompson

Aimee Thompson is an ICF Certified Coach with Flatiron School. Her background is in coaching, human resources, customer success, recruiting, and learning and development. Her passion is partnering with her clients to help them thrive outside of their comfort zone and create a life they love.

The Art of Debugging

Posted on by Joe Milius

This article on the art of debugging is part of the Content Collective series, featuring tips and expertise from Flatiron School staff members on topics ranging from program success to the job search. This series is a glimpse of the expertise you can access during your program at Flatiron School.

Despite what one might assume, the essence of coding is not writing code that creates something you already know how to create. It is finding the solution to problems that are occurring in code that you have never written before. Though the endpoint of a project is the finished product everyone sees, the real work is done through the debugging process to get the product working before and even after launch. This is the beauty of programming. And, the better you get at it, the better programmer you will be.

Finding Your Debugging Tool

Each language comes equipped with tools that programmers can use to determine how their code works. These tools help find any problems that might be occurring in the code. 

In different programming languages, there will probably be two kinds of tools for debugging. This first kind will be to see the values of variables and functions in the terminal or console as all the code is run (i.e. Javascript and console.log, Ruby and puts, Python and print). The second kind will be a stoppage in code so that you can evaluate each value at that place in the execution of code (i.e. Javascript and debugger, Ruby and IRB, Python and ipdb). Each of these is very useful for finding where the values of the code are changing and possibly being used the wrong way. 

Personally, I prefer the console.log type of debugger because I like to look at the full runtime of the code, which allows me to trace an error through the code more effectively. For instance, if a parameter I am using in a function is showing up as undefined then at each point the function is being called I can console.log the value being passed in and trace the one that is undefined to where it is originating. Each programmer will have a preference of what they like to use though, so you need to find which makes the code clearest to you.

Where to Start Using Your Debugging Tool

The valuable thing about these tools is that they allow you to follow the data through the control flow of the code.  This is imperative to find what is wrong with the code if it is not performing the intention it is written for. To fix this, you must start at the point of the error. The point of the error is when your code had been working then something new was introduced, and suddenly the code is no longer working.

An example of a starting point might be seeing an error in the console of the browser that looks like this: 

This shows you that something you are trying to use the .map method on is showing up as undefined.  You can find this code at the file and line that is in the weather.js file on line 14 in the upper right corner. After you have found where the error is occurring you can then check what each value is and trace each step of the value and how it got to the place in the code it was failing. The question of what is happening at that point of error and what should be happening will give you the greatest insight into how to fix the problem.

How to Research Your Issue

To develop the question of how to fix the flow of the code, it is essential to narrow the question to the essential aspect of what you want the code to do and how you want it to manipulate the data in the variable or function. Once you know the exact point of where the information is changing in the wrong way, then you can isolate the question you need to research.  

In the example above, once you have traced the code back to where the variable is being set to an undefined value, then you can ask the question why is the variable being set to undefined at this point. This will allow you to look for a specific way to solve the problem. Whether you are asking Google, using ChatGPT, or perusing the documentation, with the right question in mind the answer will become easier to find.  The more specific the question you ask, the more specific the answer you will get back. It will also provide you with the knowledge to parse through information that does not apply to your situation.  Many people are willing to offer their expertise but it is your job to find the solution that best matches your question.

Conclusion

By finding your system of debugging and developing fluency in tracing code to the source of an error, you can then describe the process to potential employers and show that when you say you can solve problems it is not just lip service.  A systematic way of debugging shows employers that you have used the process before and solved complex problems through that process.  It will give them more trust in your ability to tackle bugs that might occur in the new feature you might be working on for them.  Get good at debugging and employers will notice.

About Joe Milius

Joe Miius is a Software Engineering Technical Coach at Flatiron School. He has previous teaching experience and has been helping Flatiron School students understand coding concepts for 2 years. He loves problem-solving and takes on each new problem or question a student presents with vigor and curiosity.

How to Become a Web Developer in 2023

Posted on by Flatiron School

Launching a career as a web developer can help open up a lot of doors in the tech world. Web development ranks as the fourth-best job in the tech industry. This promising career shows no signs of slowing down when it comes to demand, as overall employment is expected to grow about 23% by 2031.

If you are drawn to a fast-paced industry with problem-solving challenges and opportunities for career development, then a web development career may be the right path for you. Here, we’ll dive into how to become a web developer and what this career entails.

Key Article Takeaways

  • Web development is one of the most promising careers to pursue and is a safe option in an evolving economy.
  • Essential skills are JavaScript, HTML/CSS, and often other languages like C++, Swift, or Python. Soft skills are also important.
  • Web development offers high salaries, flexibility, and versatility. But there’s a lot expected of you.
  • Learning web dev skills can lead you down many career paths, including back-end and full-stack development.
  • Teaching yourself or attending college classes are fine options for learning, but coding bootcamps can be the practical choice.
  • Web development is well worth pursuing.

What Do Web Developers Do?

Web developers—also known as programmers, coders, or engineers—use front end computer languages to build websites, applications, and apps. They also update existing programs per client or employer specifications. Coding helps clients with front-end and back-end development to drive traffic to websites, programs, and apps. 

In short, web developers create a visual representation of the World Wide Web. Now that you know what they do, the next step is to identify the skills needed to learn web development.

What Coding Languages Do You Need to Know to Become a Web Developer?

There are several languages to choose from when learning to become a web developer or programmer, so it’s a good idea to review them. The different coding languages below detail which category they fit into and their primary uses. For a deeper dive into your language options, read our programming languages blog.  

JavaScript

JavaScript is the most popular language among web developers, and knowing it is an essential skill for almost any job function. Of the 1.11 billion websites, 98.3% use JavaScript. It is a versatile language often used on the server side. A vast majority of devices run on JavaScript, too, including iPhones, Android, Microsoft Windows, and smart TVs.

If you’d like to dabble in JavaScript, Flatiron offers free lessons that teach JavaScript. Codecademy also has a good intro program.

Typical Javascript roles include:

  • Software Engineer
  • Front End Developer
  • Full Stack Developer

A JavaScript developer earns an average annual salary of $116,751*. For a junior developer, that average comes in at $75,718 per year.

Python

Python is a popular programming language that is easy to learn and use. This program is used in a variety of fields, including scientific computing, data science, and machine learning. It is also used to develop 2D imaging and 3D animation packages like Blender, Inkscape, and Autodesk. Typically, it is used in back-end coding.

Typical Python roles include:

  • Back End Developer
  • Full Stack Developer
  • Data Analyst
  • Data Scientist

The average annual salary for Python developers is $123,309. Entry-level workers earn $116,847 annually, on average.

Ruby

Ruby is a popular scripting language used for web development and has a helpful community. It is a good language to learn because of its association with major tech companies. Ruby on Rails is a web application framework. 

Typical Ruby titles include:

  • Software Engineer
  • Back End Developer

Ruby developers earn an average of $125,000 per year.

SQL

SQL (Standard Query Language) is a standard language for sorting, manipulating, and retrieving data in databases. It is critical for sifting through massive quantities of data to answer specific business questions. In 2023, the average annual salary for an SQL developer is $96,296.

Swift

Swift is a relatively new programming language used to develop iOS and macOS applications. It is optimized for performance and built to match the realities of modern iOS development. iOS developers often use Swift and earn an average of $125,946 a year.

HTML & CSS

HTML and CSS are essential for learning web development and are the building blocks for websites. They are often the first languages any web developer learns and are essential at all levels, especially among front-end developers. Front End Developers earn about $109,843 per year.

Go

Go is a low-level language that is ideal for systems programming. It is a compiled language that runs close to the metal and is open source. Despite its relative newness, Go is gaining popularity because it’s easy to learn and features a modern syntax. It is used by IT companies and data scientists, as well as for many Google applications. 

Data Scientists make an average of $127,128 per year.  A Go developer earns an annual salary of $104,840.

C++

C is the root of many programming languages with wide uses in computer science and programming; C++ is simply an enhanced version of C. Developers proficient in this programming language can use the compilers for a variety of platforms, making applications developed in these languages largely transportable.

Figures show that C++ developers receive an annual salary of $118,851, on average.

Breaking Down the Pros and Cons of Being a Web Developer

Pro: Flexibility

Coding jobs are in high demand, so developer jobs often have great perks and work-life balance. The coding lifestyle fits very well with working remotely, so coders may have the choice to work on their own time—though this can vary by company and role. 

Pro: High Salaries

Computer programming is a highly lucrative career. According to U.S. News, software development ranks above all other job types in several categories, including:

Pro: Career Versatility

Being a coder means you’ll usually have a spot in almost any company. As the demand for automation and phone-based services expands, so does the demand for development jobs. This is the direction many companies are going in, so the demand for developers and web developers will follow suit.

Pro: Demand

As we touched upon earlier, demand for programmers, engineers, and web developers is only projected to grow and grow and grow. Software developer employment is projected to grow 25% by 2031, faster than the average rate for all occupations.

Pro: You Can Make Cool Things

We’ve all encountered websites with incredible “wow” factors. Web developers are responsible for creating some of the best experiences we have online, from the prettiest sites to the most functional ones. You can be the person who helps create that.

Con: Turnovers

Programming and development is a fast-paced industry, and there are a lot of benefits to that. However, changing jobs isn’t for everyone. Developers generally tend to switch jobs more often than other roles, and that could seem taxing to people who don’t want so much change.

Con: Startups Galore

Many of the companies that have the highest need for developers are startups. And with startups come more of the aforementioned change. Venture-backed, high-growth startups have many outcomes, both good and bad. Often, developers bear the brunt of this.

Con: New Languages

Developers are always expected to be learning. Languages and processes are always changing, and while that is exciting, there is often a lot expected from them.

What Other Jobs Can You Get If You Learn to Code?

There are a variety of in-demand jobs you can get by learning to code. People go down many paths in their first web development jobs, depending on their goals and ambitions. Consider what type of role you see yourself in when you decide which programming language you want to pursue and which bootcamps you might consider. 

The most popular development jobs are outlined below.

Web Application Developer

A web application developer maintains both internal and external websites for companies. To do this, they focus on designing and implementing application systems for use on websites and mobile applications. Developers in this area need a solid understanding of HTML, CSS, and other programming languages like JavaScript.

The average salary for this position is $108,068 per year.  

Software Engineer

Software engineers build computer systems, apps, and databases. The umbrella term—software engineering—is the main focus of Flatiron School’s flagship software engineering program.
The latest figures from 2023 show that the national average salary for software engineers is $139,952.   

Front End Web Developer

Front-end web developers make websites with form and function. The typical skills needed are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build websites and display them properly on web browsers. These developers work hand-in-hand with graphic designers and back-end developers to create functional and aesthetically pleasing web pages. The national average salary for a front-end web developer is $98,828.

Back End Web Developer

Back-end developers pull information from a database and relay it to a web user. They complete their tasks using PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Python, or SQL. Back-end development focuses on data and uses these coding languages to pull information from a database to relay it back to the user.

The national average salary for a back-end developer is $107,918. 

Full Stack Developer

Full-stack developers know enough to create functional websites or troubleshoot issues on the back end of the site. Startups, medium-sized companies, and huge tech companies all need full-stack developers.

The national average salary for a full-stack developer is $124,218 a year. Learn more about pursuing this position.

Mobile Developer

Mobile developers create and publish iOS apps and Android apps with Swift. There is considerable room for growth in this particular field, as there is a high demand for apps, smartphones, and other mobile devices. The national average annual salary for a mobile developer is $114,669.

UX / UI Designer

UI/UX designers use code in their day-to-day jobs to focus on app user experience. They focus on user interface, user experience, and graphic design. Coding skills are often needed in day-to-day work. 

UX/UI designers earn an annual average of $115,956. Learn about the different kinds of design, including UX, UI, and graphic design, on our blog. 

Product Manager

Product managers work with developers and coders to act as the voice of the customer, understanding what they need and want. They benefit from understanding code and the functions of specific languages, which lets them address the needs of their teams.

They don’t need to be seasoned coders, but not knowing what goes into a product can facilitate project management and troubleshooting processes. The annual salary for product managers is approximately $153,698.

Database Developer

Database developers are responsible for the maintenance and development of databases. These employees can also work as database administrators, where they maintain the storage of information and make sure it is accessible to those who need it. Estimates show that they earn an annual salary of $108,713.

DevOps Engineer

DevOps professionals help companies innovate and stay competitive. In a business, they represent a team of professional coders, operations staff, and IT generalists. DevOps engineers make, on average $127,036 a year.

Data Analyst

If you learn the languages needed to become a developer but realize you love numbers, then becoming a data analyst might make sense for you. Data analysts are among the most in-demand positions in the realm of coding and computer science. They have skills that combine software engineering, coding, statistical analytics, and data visualization to tell stories and discover insights from big data.

They use Python, SQL, R, and Java to develop algorithms and build models to discover new problems and even predict consumer behavior. The average data analyst earns approximately $80,429 per year.

How to Get Started in a Web Development Career

Pursuing a career in coding does not necessarily require a computer science degree. Instead, this career requires dedication and patience—the years of experience come later.

Step 1. To get started, take some introductory lessons to see if you have a passion for coding. This passion is the single most important thing to get started in your career.

Step 2. Figure out what you’re interested in when comparing languages and job opportunities. There are several different types of developers, all of which have their unique benefits and drawbacks.

Step 3. Learn the skills you want to learn and stay diligent. Computer science classes and coding bootcamps can be hard. They involve a lot of learning in a short period, but once you’re done, it’s a rewarding feeling.

You can learn from professionals through bootcamps or get a degree in computer science.

Step 4. Build your online brand by establishing a good LinkedIn profile. Write about what you know and include any websites and apps you developed in your portfolio. From there, begin your job hunt. Once you begin the job interview process, make sure you practice for your interviews extensively beforehand.

How Do You Learn to Code?

To get a job in coding, you must first learn to code. Coding bootcamps are the best bet for getting into coding. These bootcamps are a middle ground between self-study and college degrees. They are more expensive and time-intensive, but they offer more support and motivation.

The entire purpose of a coding bootcamp is to get you job-ready as soon as possible without sacrificing education quality.

How Do You Know If a Coding Bootcamp Is Right for You?

Before you get into the program, it is important to pick the right bootcamp for you based on your goals, learning style, and expectations. You will want to look at the program’s success rate and curriculum.

Also, consider location. Some teach online, while others teach in-person. Some might focus on one or two specific languages, while others are more generalist, focusing on many different languages.

Find a bootcamp that teaches the languages that align with your goals and make sure they have career services. CareerKarma has an extensive list of the best coding bootcamps in 2023. Check out our web development bootcamp blog to learn more about coding bootcamps.  

Will Coding Bootcamps Get You a Job?

Coding bootcamps can help you learn to code quickly, but they don’t guarantee a job. During your research process, your selection must offer career services that will help you build an online presence after you graduate. 

Also, research job placement rates for any bootcamp you consider. Any good bootcamp will be open about how many of their graduates find jobs and their starting salaries. For example, we at Flatiron School release annual job reports.

Can You Teach Yourself To Code?

If a bootcamp isn’t for you, another option is self-study. While it is a cheaper option, learning on your own requires a lot of discipline. You must hold yourself accountable and solve problems on your own.

If you need additional resources, check our blog on the best websites to practice coding.  

How Long Does It Take to Learn to Code and Become a Web Developer?

The time it takes to learn to code varies based on a student’s diligence. Coding bootcamps take as little as three months to as much as eight months. Coding is a lifelong journey, and it is important to have a passion for learning as new languages and popularities will change rapidly. A career in coding is not far off if you’re willing to put in the time.

I’ve Learned to Code, but I Have No Experience, So How Do I Become a Developer?

If you learned to code, you need to prove it. There are a variety of ways to showcase your knowledge and understanding of coding. Write blog posts about topics you’re interested in or projects you’ve completed. 

Build out your professional brand across LinkedIn, Twitter, GitHub, and your website. Prepare for your interviews, as there will be soft skill and technical questions. Network in person and online to score more interviews.

Is Freelancing Worth It When Learning How to Code?

The key to getting started in freelancing is to find a strong gig marketplace. From there, apply for the gig that fits your situation. Follow up, and try not to get discouraged. Job searches don’t yield results, and then one day, they do!

Coders can have lucrative careers from freelance gigs, but first, it’s important to know where to start. Try getting involved with open-source projects. These projects consist of publicly available source code that anyone can modify. The ability to work with other coders of varying experiences can help develop your skills.  

To be more competitive, pick up some soft skills and come prepared for interviews. As your freelance career progresses, find opportunities to practice clear communication, conflict resolution, and time management.

Start Your Web Development Education with Flatiron School

As you can see, learning how to become a web developer takes time, patience, resources, and the right mentality. If you need the right guidance for career development, Flatiron School can help. Apply to our program and see how you can accelerate your profession as a web developer. 

*Salaries cited current as of September 2023

It’s Not You, It’s Me: Self-Sabotage In The Job Search

Posted on by Aimee Thompson

This article on Self-Sabotage In The Job Search is part of the Coaching Collective series, featuring tips and expertise from Flatiron School Career Coaches. Every Flatiron School graduate is eligible to receive up to 180 days of 1:1 career coaching with one of our professional coaches. This series is a glimpse of the expertise you can access during career coaching at Flatiron School. 

As we job search it’s often easy to identify all the external reasons why we’re not finding success. Especially when we feel we’re doing everything possible to find our next career opportunity. However, it’s important to regularly do a self-check to make sure we haven’t fallen into the trap of self-sabotage. 

Identifying Self-Sabotage Habits

Self-sabotage, undermining efforts unconsciously, impacts job search with negative thoughts and behaviors. Persistent self-sabotage erodes self-esteem, hinders confident self-presentation to employers, decreases chances of success and increases missed opportunities. Overcoming these thinking and behaviors enhances job prospects and career advancement.

Self-Sabotage Thinking

Thinking patterns, driven by self-doubt and a skewed perception of your abilities can stop you from embracing opportunities. Fear of failure or success, impostor syndrome, negative self-talk and perfectionism are all self-sabotage thinking patterns that can hold you back from personal and professional growth and realizing your full potential.

Fear of Failure or Success: The fear of either not being good enough or of achieving success and not being able to sustain it can paralyze you. This fear can hinder you from even trying or pursuing opportunities that are well within your capabilities.

Impostor Syndrome: This mindset involves feeling like a fraud despite having the necessary skills and qualifications. People with impostor syndrome tend to downplay their accomplishments and hesitate to apply for positions they’re qualified for.

Negative Self-Talk/Self-Doubt: Constantly undermining yourself with negative thoughts and doubts can lead to a lack of motivation and persistence. This can impact the quality of job applications and networking efforts.

Perfectionism: Striving for perfection can lead to a cycle of never feeling satisfied with your efforts. This often results in delaying applications or not pursuing opportunities until you feel they are “perfect.”

Self-Sabotage Actions

As you job hunt, certain self-sabotage actions can act as roadblocks, preventing progress and chipping away at your confidence. From procrastination and underestimating qualifications to missed networking opportunities and the aftermath of rejection, recognizing, and addressing these behaviors is important for a productive job search.

Procrastination/Lack of Focus: Putting off tasks or constantly switching between them without making substantial progress can delay the job search process and cause unnecessary stress.

Underestimating/Overestimating Qualifications: Failing to accurately assess your skills and qualifications can lead to applying for positions that are too junior (or too senior),  and missing out on opportunities that are well-suited for your expertise.

Not Taking Advantage of Networking Opportunities: Networking is a crucial aspect of job searching, but self-sabotaging behavior might lead you to shy away from such opportunities due to anxiety or lack of confidence.

Not Tailoring Application Materials: Sending generic application materials instead of tailoring them to the specific job and company can significantly reduce the chances of being noticed by employers.

Letting Rejection Slow Down Your Progress: Rejection is a natural part of the job search process, but allowing it to discourage your progress can lead to prolonged unemployment and decreased self-esteem.

Strategies to Reduce Self-Sabotage

If you’re feeling uncomfortable because you can identify with one (or more) of the above thinking or behaviors, don’t panic, there are actions you can take to ensure a successful job search.

Embrace Challenges as Opportunities for Growth: Reframe challenges as chances to develop new skills and learn from experiences.

Set Realistic Goals: Establish achievable goals to measure progress and avoid becoming overwhelmed by unrealistic expectations.

Practice Positive Self-Talk: Replace negative self-talk with encouraging and motivating affirmations that reinforce self-confidence.

Visualize Success: Visualization techniques can help you imagine yourself succeeding in interviews and landing your desired job.

Establish a Support System: Surround yourself with individuals who provide encouragement, constructive feedback, and a sense of accountability.

Seek Feedback for Improvement: Constructive criticism can help you refine job applications and improve interview skills, leading to better outcomes.

Step Out of Your Comfort Zone: Push yourself to attend networking events, reach out to potential employers, and try new strategies that can expand your opportunities.

Tailor Application Materials: Customize your resume and cover letter to match the requirements of each job you apply for.

Research and Target Companies: Research prospective employers thoroughly to demonstrate your genuine interest and alignment with their values.

Handle Rejections Positively: Instead of internalizing rejection, use it as a learning opportunity to enhance your applications and interview skills.

Search with Resilience: Maintain persistence and adaptability in the face of setbacks, trusting that the right opportunity is out there.

Conclusion

Overcoming self-sabotage during a job search requires a proactive approach, combined with self-awareness, and determination. By recognizing and addressing self-sabotaging thoughts and behaviors, you can empower yourself to navigate the job market successfully. 

Remember, your job search journey is not just about finding employment, it’s also about personal growth and the realization of your potential. By taking positive steps and adopting a resilient mindset, you can turn self-sabotage into self-empowerment, which will result in a fulfilling and successful career.

About Aimee Thompson

Aimee Thompson is an ICF Certified Coach with Flatiron School. Her background is in coaching, human resources, learning and development, customer success and recruiting.. Her passion is partnering with her clients to help them thrive outside of their comfort zone and create a life they love.

How to find a job you love (without having done it before)

Posted on by Lindsey Williams

This article on how to find a job you love without having done it before is part of the Coaching Collective series, featuring tips and expertise from Flatiron School Career Coaches. Every Flatiron School graduate is eligible to receive up to 180 days of 1:1 career coaching with one of our professional coaches. This series is a glimpse of the expertise you can access during career coaching at Flatiron School. 

When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up? It’s interesting how children often select a career they’ve observed someone special in their life doing. Common responses often include teacher, firefighter, doctor, or nurse. Whether it’s the cool uniform, the love of learning, or wielding a stethoscope, there is something we observe as being fun or valuable that yields our answer. 

As we grow up, our exposure to new information and hobbies may expand our career interests, whether that’s through school, sports, or the good ol’ internet. Exposure to the great wide world and all the interesting careers that exist may be enough to select the type of job you target, but in order to acquire the job, employers require proof that you know what you’re doing – and often for good reason! I don’t know about you, but I prefer my doctors to have the credentials necessary before receiving treatment. Yet medical, academic, or even legal credentials come with a high price tag. What if you get to the end of your credential-collecting journey and realize the career isn’t what you hoped for? The cost of being wrong can be quite expensive. 

An Alternative Route To Career Happiness

When considering new career paths, it can be alluring to become a skill collector. With free resources and online tools available at every turn, it’s an incredible time to learn all kinds of things. But without having done the actual job itself, how can you really know if a career is right for you and that you’ll enjoy it? Spoiler alert: you can’t. However, you can gather critical information to help you make the most informed decision before investing one dollar more. 

Investigate

While changing careers tends to involve investment in skill-building, before paying for tuition, look to your network as a way to research any number of jobs, careers, and industries that pique your interest. Become an investigative reporter, preparing your questions and documenting your findings from the conversations you hold. Below are some questions to get you started.

  • What was your first job ever? (A great icebreaker!)
  • Tell me about your journey to become a <job title>. 
  • Were there other careers you were considering while you were studying <insert field from school/college/university/training program>? Why did you decide to go the route you did? 
  • If money was no issue, what career would you choose for yourself? 
  • What do you enjoy the most about your current role? What do you like least or wish you could change? 
  • What do you want to do next in your career? Or are there other careers you still want to pursue? 
  • How much time did you dedicate to learning the skills required to land your first role in this field? 
  • Would you recommend someone like me to pursue this career?

Reflect

Apply this approach to a handful of careers that interest you and compare notes. If the answers energize you, then that’s a great clue to keep researching individuals in the same field. If the answers frighten or drain you, it could be a sign to pivot or pull back. Either way, exploring how you feel and reflecting on the conversations will help you hold up a mirror to yourself. Does this sound like me? Use their responses to inform your next steps.

Follow Up

The magic of the investigative reporter approach is in the follow-up. Imagine you’ve spoken to 10 individuals in the field of interest, and you’ve now enrolled in a program to acquire the skills you need. Reach back to each individual and send them an update. 

“I wanted to send an update from our conversation X months ago. After we spoke, I decided to enroll in a Cybersecurity program and am now in my first week. We’re already learning about xyz – and while it’s been intense learning at a fast pace, I’m having a blast. Thanks again – our chat really helped solidify for me how much I would enjoy the work. I’d love to stay in touch!”

Multiply these short updates across the folks you met and send them at the beginning and end of your program. These updates will illustrate your follow-through (a skill unto itself!) as well as provide the incredibly important “proof” employers all seek. When you graduate, you can send your updated resume along – that is, unless they request it from you first! 

By starting the networking process early as a way to research and verify your interest and aptitude, you’re setting yourself up for early job searching success and career happiness, not to mention some great peers in your new chosen field that could benefit you your whole career long. 

About Lindsey Williams

Lindsey Williams is the Senior Manager of Coaching at Flatiron School. She has more than 15 years of experience in the EdTech spaces and has held a variety of roles from Recruiter and HR to Campus Director and Training Director